![]() In recent years, due to the impact of climate change and human activities, the ecological environment of the region has been deteriorating, and the problem of ecosystem degradation is becoming increasingly prominent, which poses a serious threat to the water resource conditions, ecological security, and sustainable development of the social economy of the region and the whole Yangtze River Basin. It plays an important role in the ecological security and ecosystem stability of China and even East Asia. The region has important ecological functions such as water conservation and regulation, biodiversity protection, and basin ecological security. The middle reaches of the Yangtze River (MRYR), including Hunan Province, Hubei Province, and Jiangxi Province, is the core area of the development of the Yangtze River economic belt, and also the key area of China’s “two screens and three belts” ecological security strategy. The results could provide a reference for forest ecological protection in other areas. The continuous decrease of natural forests and possible further degradation in the future are worthy of attention. The results showed that if the forest land was studied as a whole, many of the problems of natural forests and plantations would be ignored. Generally speaking, sunshine duration had a positive effect on forests growth, while relative humidity had a negative effect. Climate factors had a certain lag effect on the growth of natural forests and plantations. At the same time, partial correlation analysis with climate factors showed that relative humidity had an inhibitory effect on vegetation growth ( p < 0.05). The area with an uncertain future development trend of all vegetation was more than half of the area. Two thirds of the natural forests had NDVI values greater than 0.80, and 89.21% of them were significantly improved. Additionally, NDVI showed an upward trend (0.37%), especially in natural forests (0.57%). The area of natural forests had been reduced by one fifth. The results showed that, in the past 17 years, the main landscape type in the MRYR is forestland (accounting for more than 50%), and the built-up land and plantations area increased by four fifths and one fifth, respectively. Based on Landsat TM/ETM/OLI images and MODIS NDVI time series remote sensing data from 1999 to 2015, the changes of land use/cover types (including natural forests and plantations) through NDVI trends and their relationship with meteorological factors in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (MRYR) were analyzed by supervised classification, coefficient of variation, trend analysis, rescaled range analysis, and partial correlation analysis.
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